Steps to Buying
There are a number of steps to go through before you pick up the keys to your Spanish home. We'll go through these in detail once you've found somewhere to buy but, until then, here's a guide to how the sales process unfolds.
1. Find out how much you can borrow
This is dependent on your income and the type of mortgage you want. Bear in mind the maximum "loan to value" amount (how much of the property value the bank would be prepared to lend you) and that you should not over-stretch yourself to make the mortgage payments
2. Set your budget
Be realistic as you calculate all the costs involved. You'll have a variety of professional fees, taxes and charges to pay on top of the price of your property. See our Costs to consider page for a breakdown of the costs involved in buying a property in Spain.
3. Search for a property
This is the most exciting part of the buying process. When it comes to finding a property, nothing beats actually going to a location to check it out in person. If nothing else, it's a great excuse for another holiday! The sheer choice of property out there is pretty daunting, so ask yourself some basic questions about what and where to buy so you can narrow down your search. Buyers with a young family looking for a holiday home are bound to have different requirements to retiring couples and investors. Ask yourself practical questions about airport, road connections and local amenities. Use the wealth of magazines, books, exhibitions and websites available to get inspiration and to focus on what you want from your Spanish home.
4. Carry out a price check
It's so easy to find yourself falling in love with the first property you visit, particularly when you are buying re-sale property, but do some research on prices for comparable properties in the area where you want to buy. This will make sure you don't pay over the odds for your dream property. Unfortunately, some sellers assume that a buyer, particularly from overseas, may not know the local market and set an unreasonably high sale price - don't get caught out!
5. Obtain your N.I.E.
If you're serious about your property search, apply for your "Numero de Identificacion de Extranjeros" (NIE), or Foreigner's Identification Number, as soon as you can. It's a legal requirement when buying a home in Spain. Though you can wait until you've found a home, the earlier you arrange it the better.
With these matters dealt with, you're in a much better position to go ahead with the purchase once you've found your ideal property. The next steps for you are:
6. Appoint a lawyer
Your first step should be to hire a reputable and independent lawyer ("abogado") who knows the Spanish legal system and property laws (both national and regional). Unless you speak fluent Spanish, a bilingual lawyer is essential to translate and explain the documents for you. The Relationship Manager in your branch can recommend a good lawyer to you.
7.
Sign a reservation contract (off-plan)
If you're buying an off-plan property, at this stage you sign an agreement and pay a small fee in order to reserve the property. You will usually be asked to make payments in stages throughout the construction of the property.
Make an offer
you can make an offer on a re-sale property at this point, subject to survey.
8. Carry out a survey
This is compulsory if you are intending to take out one of our mortgage products, but a sensible precaution if you are buying in cash for your own peace of mind.
9. Obtain a "nota simple"
The "nota simple" is a Spanish Land Registry Certificate that confirms the legal owners of the property you're buying and shows any debts that exist on the property. This can be alternatively your lawyer or estate agent will be able to obtain this. You'll need to provide a recent version of this document when applying for your mortgage.
10. Arrange your mortgage, or alternative finance
11. Arrange a valuation
12. Set up a local bank account
You'll need a bank account in Spain during and after the buying process. Apart from the property itself, you'll need to pay professional fees, taxes and charges on the purchase and utility bills and potentially management fees once the property is yours. Look at our Accounts section to find out more.
13. Instruct your lawyer to complete legal investigations
your lawyer will do the necessary checks on the owner and title deeds to ensure that the sale is legal. Insist on seeing other documentation pertinent to the property - your lawyer will be aware of the documents that are necessary to check to safeguard against illegally registered properties or unpaid tax or utility bills. These include:
Registered title deeds ("Escritura Publica")
Annual Property Tax receipts ("Impuesto sobre Bienes Inmuebles", often referred to as the "IBI")
Property Registration Certificate ("Certificado Catastral")
Plan of building plots ("Plan Parcial") for properties located on urbanizations
Paid-up Community fees for properties located on urbanizations ("Comunidad de Propietarios")
Paid-up Utilities bills (e.g. electricity, water, rubbish collection)
14. Appointment of a notary
A Notary ("Notario") is a government official who oversees the completion of the property transaction ("escritura de compraventa"). His duty is to ensure the legality of the contract, but importantly, is not responsible for verifying the accuracy of the statements within the contract (which must be undertaken by your lawyer). If you sign a mortgage with us, we will engage the notary on your behalf in order for the contract to be signed and the transaction completed.
15. Pay a deposit (re-sale)
If you're buying a re-sale property, you are now able to negotiate a final purchase price in light of the findings from the survey. You will then sign a private purchase contract and pay a deposit, usually 10-20% of the agreed price. Make sure you fully understand the contract - at this stage, if you pull out of the sale, you will forfeit your deposit. If the seller pulls out, he must pay you double the value of your deposit.
16. Arrange a date for completion
On the completion date, the notary will read the property deed aloud and ensure you understand the commitments you're taking on prior to you signing it. You should have an English translation of the deed.
17. Pay for the property and applicable taxes
At this point you'll pay the remainder of the purchase price plus all the charges, taxes and fees detailed in the 'Costs to consider' section.
18. Title will be registered at the Land Registry
The very final step of the buying process is for your lawyer to advise you when you can expect to receive the full title deeds ("escritura publica"), which usually takes a few months to process. When these documents have been completed and returned by the local registry office, you will officially become a homeowner in Spain - congratulations!